4-docker-数据卷

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数据卷

数据卷 是一个可供一个或多个容器使用的特殊目录，它绕过 UFS，可以提供很多有用的特性：

  • 数据卷可以在容器之间共享和重用
  • 对数据卷 的修改会立马生效
  • 对数据卷 的更新，不会影响镜像
  • 数据卷 默认会一直存在，即使容器被删除

创建一个数据卷

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>docker  volume create volume-1
volume-1

>docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               volume-1
#查看数据卷的具体信息
>docker volume inspect volume-1
[
  {
      "CreatedAt": "2018-11-24T08:25:17Z",
      "Driver": "local",
      "Labels": {},
      "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/volume-1/_data",
      "Name": "volume-1",
      "Options": {},
      "Scope": "local"
  }
]

启动一个挂载数据卷的容器

docker run 命令的时候，使用 –mount 标记来将 数据卷 挂载到容器里。在一次docker run 中可以挂载多个 数据卷 。

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>docker run -dit --name myjdk8 --mount source=volume-1,target=/webapp jdk8:v1

查看容器当中数据卷的具体信息

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>docker inspect myjdk8
[
  {
      "Id": "c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9",
      "Created": "2018-11-24T08:28:50.9454735Z",
      "Path": "/bin/bash",
      "Args": [],
      "State": {
          "Status": "running",
          "Running": true,
          "Paused": false,
          "Restarting": false,
          "OOMKilled": false,
          "Dead": false,
          "Pid": 3941,
          "ExitCode": 0,
          "Error": "",
          "StartedAt": "2018-11-24T08:28:53.3865482Z",
          "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "Image": "sha256:a70ba00548f32c4d0152cb12e9aafdc419fc5bbb14744780bdfffb11f074ec03",
      "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9/resolv.conf",
      "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9/hostname",
      "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9/hosts",
      "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9/c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9-json.log",
      "Name": "/myjdk8",
      "RestartCount": 0,
      "Driver": "overlay2",
      "Platform": "linux",
      "MountLabel": "",
      "ProcessLabel": "",
      "AppArmorProfile": "",
      "ExecIDs": null,
      "HostConfig": {
          "Binds": null,
          "ContainerIDFile": "",
          "LogConfig": {
              "Type": "json-file",
              "Config": {}
          },
          "NetworkMode": "default",
          "PortBindings": {},
          "RestartPolicy": {
              "Name": "no",
              "MaximumRetryCount": 0
          },
          "AutoRemove": false,
          "VolumeDriver": "",
          "VolumesFrom": null,
          "CapAdd": null,
          "CapDrop": null,
          "Dns": [],
          "DnsOptions": [],
          "DnsSearch": [],
          "ExtraHosts": null,
          "GroupAdd": null,
          "IpcMode": "shareable",
          "Cgroup": "",
          "Links": null,
          "OomScoreAdj": 0,
          "PidMode": "",
          "Privileged": false,
          "PublishAllPorts": false,
          "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
          "SecurityOpt": null,
          "UTSMode": "",
          "UsernsMode": "",
          "ShmSize": 67108864,
          "Runtime": "runc",
          "ConsoleSize": [
              50,
              189
          ],
          "Isolation": "",
          "CpuShares": 0,
          "Memory": 0,
          "NanoCpus": 0,
          "CgroupParent": "",
          "BlkioWeight": 0,
          "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
          "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
          "CpuPeriod": 0,
          "CpuQuota": 0,
          "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
          "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
          "CpusetCpus": "",
          "CpusetMems": "",
          "Devices": [],
          "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
          "DiskQuota": 0,
          "KernelMemory": 0,
          "MemoryReservation": 0,
          "MemorySwap": 0,
          "MemorySwappiness": null,
          "OomKillDisable": false,
          "PidsLimit": 0,
          "Ulimits": null,
          "CpuCount": 0,
          "CpuPercent": 0,
          "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
          "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
          "Mounts": [
              {
                  "Type": "volume",
                  "Source": "volume-1",
                  "Target": "/webapp"
              }
          ],
          "MaskedPaths": [
              "/proc/acpi",
              "/proc/kcore",
              "/proc/keys",
              "/proc/latency_stats",
              "/proc/timer_list",
              "/proc/timer_stats",
              "/proc/sched_debug",
              "/proc/scsi",
              "/sys/firmware"
          ],
          "ReadonlyPaths": [
              "/proc/asound",
              "/proc/bus",
              "/proc/fs",
              "/proc/irq",
              "/proc/sys",
              "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
          ]
      },
      "GraphDriver": {
          "Data": {
              "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49a437db0a547c82e213cb31090398d94d64ad11b1dfa7112f1e5f64897fca00-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2796cd7903fb6c509b276acb83505d05b1d685e010dc32557fe6baa06160e0a3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15b4eabde2002d7fa67849c36b175b93827b911465b6cc8021e47f467ec2cca3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9a004f009ec50069f1f7a8985bf40a256eda15b48402ccbefb6831ae52d2bbb8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1d31c352fff2c856f6f208be8c9448ecc30447edcfacb10fd73e4d62ebef989d/diff",
              "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49a437db0a547c82e213cb31090398d94d64ad11b1dfa7112f1e5f64897fca00/merged",
              "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49a437db0a547c82e213cb31090398d94d64ad11b1dfa7112f1e5f64897fca00/diff",
              "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/49a437db0a547c82e213cb31090398d94d64ad11b1dfa7112f1e5f64897fca00/work"
          },
          "Name": "overlay2"
      },
      "Mounts": [
          {
              "Type": "volume",
              "Name": "volume-1",
              "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/volume-1/_data",
              "Destination": "/webapp",
              "Driver": "local",
              "Mode": "z",
              "RW": true,
              "Propagation": ""
          }
      ],
      "Config": {
          "Hostname": "c9c346fdf8dc",
          "Domainname": "",
          "User": "",
          "AttachStdin": false,
          "AttachStdout": false,
          "AttachStderr": false,
          "Tty": true,
          "OpenStdin": true,
          "StdinOnce": false,
          "Env": [
              "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/bin:/bin",
              "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_151",
              "MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0",
              "MAVEN_CONFIG=/root/.m2",
              "CLASSPATH=/lib/dt.jar:/lib/tools.jar"
          ],
          "Cmd": [
              "/bin/bash"
          ],
          "ArgsEscaped": true,
          "Image": "jdk8:v1",
          "Volumes": null,
          "WorkingDir": "",
          "Entrypoint": null,
          "OnBuild": null,
          "Labels": {
              "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181006",
              "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
              "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
              "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
              "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
          }
      },
      "NetworkSettings": {
          "Bridge": "",
          "SandboxID": "05a4601c60f48b659a4f5652223ce66518fda32ea775ee03af43bac25d2c2a6b",
          "HairpinMode": false,
          "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
          "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
          "Ports": {},
          "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/05a4601c60f4",
          "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
          "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
          "EndpointID": "f24c035e996439590c88b2d0ab3d26cdf32115cdb3d9ec5fa50710cb7ef832d6",
          "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
          "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
          "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
          "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
          "IPPrefixLen": 16,
          "IPv6Gateway": "",
          "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
          "Networks": {
              "bridge": {
                  "IPAMConfig": null,
                  "Links": null,
                  "Aliases": null,
                  "NetworkID": "dac87c8ed4bd04308689a40796a465fa0fe175a30e82a0907a40c76405ba7c88",
                  "EndpointID": "f24c035e996439590c88b2d0ab3d26cdf32115cdb3d9ec5fa50710cb7ef832d6",
                  "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                  "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                  "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                  "IPv6Gateway": "",
                  "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                  "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                  "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                  "DriverOpts": null
              }
          }
      }
  }
]

数据卷的信息在”Mounts”里边：

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"Mounts": [
  {
      "Type": "volume",
      "Source": "volume-1",
      "Target": "/webapp"
  }
]

删除数据卷

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>docker volume rm volume-1
#如果数据卷 volume-1别其他容器引用，则是无法删除的，并且删除的时候会提示：
# Error response from daemon: remove volume-1: volume is in use - [c9c346fdf8dcb7d4923d7f07b369e2f07779c14913f42a07b3b9f0accb73dac9]
#需要先把容器删除

数据卷设计的是用来存放数据的，并不会随着容器的删除而删除，有点类似于Linux里边的mount操作，如果想在删除容器的时候顺带删除数据卷，可以使用docker rm -v。

无主的数据卷可能会占据很多空间，要清理请使用以下命令：

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>docker volume prune

挂载主机目录

挂载一个主机目录作为数据卷

加载主机的 E:\Study\dockerWorkspace\volumes\volume1 目录到容器的 /opt/webapp 目录,此功能可以在测试的时候发挥作用，比如我们可以在source下边添加文件，依次来判定容器是否工作。
PS： –mount 参数时如果本地目录不存在，Docker 会报错

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>docker run -dit --name myjdk8 --mount type=bind,source=E:\Study\dockerWorkspace\volumes\volume1,target=/webapp jdk8:v1
#查看容器里边的挂载目录的信息
>>docker inspect myjdk8
[
  {
      "Id": "c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c",
      "Created": "2018-11-24T08:55:43.3658908Z",
      "Path": "/bin/bash",
      "Args": [],
      "State": {
          "Status": "running",
          "Running": true,
          "Paused": false,
          "Restarting": false,
          "OOMKilled": false,
          "Dead": false,
          "Pid": 4170,
          "ExitCode": 0,
          "Error": "",
          "StartedAt": "2018-11-24T08:55:45.2437582Z",
          "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
      },
      "Image": "sha256:a70ba00548f32c4d0152cb12e9aafdc419fc5bbb14744780bdfffb11f074ec03",
      "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c/resolv.conf",
      "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c/hostname",
      "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c/hosts",
      "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c/c28039a147a1ae4210e6cdf5491a56bb9dae25ca11c6ae2e91c9f55075d1ba5c-json.log",
      "Name": "/myjdk8",
      "RestartCount": 0,
      "Driver": "overlay2",
      "Platform": "linux",
      "MountLabel": "",
      "ProcessLabel": "",
      "AppArmorProfile": "",
      "ExecIDs": null,
      "HostConfig": {
          "Binds": null,
          "ContainerIDFile": "",
          "LogConfig": {
              "Type": "json-file",
              "Config": {}
          },
          "NetworkMode": "default",
          "PortBindings": {},
          "RestartPolicy": {
              "Name": "no",
              "MaximumRetryCount": 0
          },
          "AutoRemove": false,
          "VolumeDriver": "",
          "VolumesFrom": null,
          "CapAdd": null,
          "CapDrop": null,
          "Dns": [],
          "DnsOptions": [],
          "DnsSearch": [],
          "ExtraHosts": null,
          "GroupAdd": null,
          "IpcMode": "shareable",
          "Cgroup": "",
          "Links": null,
          "OomScoreAdj": 0,
          "PidMode": "",
          "Privileged": false,
          "PublishAllPorts": false,
          "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
          "SecurityOpt": null,
          "UTSMode": "",
          "UsernsMode": "",
          "ShmSize": 67108864,
          "Runtime": "runc",
          "ConsoleSize": [
              50,
              189
          ],
          "Isolation": "",
          "CpuShares": 0,
          "Memory": 0,
          "NanoCpus": 0,
          "CgroupParent": "",
          "BlkioWeight": 0,
          "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
          "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
          "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
          "CpuPeriod": 0,
          "CpuQuota": 0,
          "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
          "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
          "CpusetCpus": "",
          "CpusetMems": "",
          "Devices": [],
          "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
          "DiskQuota": 0,
          "KernelMemory": 0,
          "MemoryReservation": 0,
          "MemorySwap": 0,
          "MemorySwappiness": null,
          "OomKillDisable": false,
          "PidsLimit": 0,
          "Ulimits": null,
          "CpuCount": 0,
          "CpuPercent": 0,
          "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
          "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
          "Mounts": [
              {
                  "Type": "bind",
                  "Source": "/host_mnt/e/Study/dockerWorkspace/volumes/volume1",
                  "Target": "/webapp"
              }
          ],
          "MaskedPaths": [
              "/proc/acpi",
              "/proc/kcore",
              "/proc/keys",
              "/proc/latency_stats",
              "/proc/timer_list",
              "/proc/timer_stats",
              "/proc/sched_debug",
              "/proc/scsi",
              "/sys/firmware"
          ],
          "ReadonlyPaths": [
              "/proc/asound",
              "/proc/bus",
              "/proc/fs",
              "/proc/irq",
              "/proc/sys",
              "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
          ]
      },
      "GraphDriver": {
          "Data": {
              "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a1d010cd96bb1307be40e1b5e23a0b2f9ecbbcb124b4b8abfba963a0b37bf72-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2796cd7903fb6c509b276acb83505d05b1d685e010dc32557fe6baa06160e0a3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/15b4eabde2002d7fa67849c36b175b93827b911465b6cc8021e47f467ec2cca3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9a004f009ec50069f1f7a8985bf40a256eda15b48402ccbefb6831ae52d2bbb8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1d31c352fff2c856f6f208be8c9448ecc30447edcfacb10fd73e4d62ebef989d/diff",
              "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a1d010cd96bb1307be40e1b5e23a0b2f9ecbbcb124b4b8abfba963a0b37bf72/merged",
              "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a1d010cd96bb1307be40e1b5e23a0b2f9ecbbcb124b4b8abfba963a0b37bf72/diff",
              "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2a1d010cd96bb1307be40e1b5e23a0b2f9ecbbcb124b4b8abfba963a0b37bf72/work"
          },
          "Name": "overlay2"
      },
      "Mounts": [
          {
              "Type": "bind",
              "Source": "/host_mnt/e/Study/dockerWorkspace/volumes/volume1",
              "Destination": "/webapp",
              "Mode": "",
              "RW": true,
              "Propagation": "rprivate"
          }
      ],
      "Config": {
          "Hostname": "c28039a147a1",
          "Domainname": "",
          "User": "",
          "AttachStdin": false,
          "AttachStdout": false,
          "AttachStderr": false,
          "Tty": true,
          "OpenStdin": true,
          "StdinOnce": false,
          "Env": [
              "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/bin:/bin",
              "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_151",
              "MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0",
              "MAVEN_CONFIG=/root/.m2",
              "CLASSPATH=/lib/dt.jar:/lib/tools.jar"
          ],
          "Cmd": [
              "/bin/bash"
          ],
          "ArgsEscaped": true,
          "Image": "jdk8:v1",
          "Volumes": null,
          "WorkingDir": "",
          "Entrypoint": null,
          "OnBuild": null,
          "Labels": {
              "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181006",
              "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
              "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
              "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
              "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
          }
      },
      "NetworkSettings": {
          "Bridge": "",
          "SandboxID": "d20c63fb42c257b9e1313b637d80d8c2841f4bec9d54c5941e2381a6f537b106",
          "HairpinMode": false,
          "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
          "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
          "Ports": {},
          "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d20c63fb42c2",
          "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
          "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
          "EndpointID": "89f640f036d7de25ad93e120e7352da9c99f254e82a4384972c43c6803f6c713",
          "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
          "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
          "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
          "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
          "IPPrefixLen": 16,
          "IPv6Gateway": "",
          "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
          "Networks": {
              "bridge": {
                  "IPAMConfig": null,
                  "Links": null,
                  "Aliases": null,
                  "NetworkID": "dac87c8ed4bd04308689a40796a465fa0fe175a30e82a0907a40c76405ba7c88",
                  "EndpointID": "89f640f036d7de25ad93e120e7352da9c99f254e82a4384972c43c6803f6c713",
                  "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                  "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                  "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                  "IPv6Gateway": "",
                  "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                  "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                  "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                  "DriverOpts": null
              }
          }
      }
  }
]

挂载信息：

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"Mounts": [
    {
        "Type": "bind",
        "Source": "/host_mnt/e/Study/dockerWorkspace/volumes/volume1",
        "Destination": "/webapp",
        "Mode": "",
        "RW": true,
        "Propagation": "rprivate"
    }
]

Docker 挂载主机目录的默认权限是 读写 ，用户也可以通过增加 readonly 指定为 只读 。

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docker run -dit --name myjdk8 --mount type=bind,source=E:\Study\dockerWorkspace\volumes\volume1,target=/webapp readonly jdk8:v1

此时如果向/webapp写操作，都会异常。

挂载一个本地主机文件作为数据卷

–mount 标记也可以从主机挂载单个文件到容器中

记录在容器输入过的命令

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>docker run -dit --name myjdk8 --mount type=bind,source=E:\Study\dockerWorkspace\volumes\volume1\.bash_history,target=/root/.bash_history jdk8:v1
d2bc7b21ca877bf952246bf147e29d9bc81a0b4769e1be3dca2cb49a30f20bec
#这样就可以记录在容器输入过的命令了。
>docker exec -it  d2b bash
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 /]# pwd
/
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 /]# cd /root
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# more .bash_history
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
   19 pts/1    00:00:00 bash
   37 pts/1    00:00:00 ps
[root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# top
top - 09:10:52 up  3:36,  0 users,  load average: 0.23, 0.06, 0.02
Tasks:   3 total,   1 running,   2 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.2 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  2027756 total,    95516 free,   355696 used,  1576544 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  1048572 total,  1048572 free,        0 used.  1478204 avail Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
    1 root      20   0   11832   2820   2544 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.05 bash
   19 root      20   0   11832   2992   2616 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.03 bash
   38 root      20   0   56176   3848   3296 R   0.0  0.2   0:00.00 top
   [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# ll
 total 4
 -rw------- 1 root root 3415 Oct  6 19:15 anaconda-ks.cfg
 [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# java -c
 Unrecognized option: -c
 Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
 Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
 [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# java -v
 Unrecognized option: -v
 Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
 Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
 [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# java -v
 Unrecognized option: -v
 Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
 Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
 [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# java -v
 Unrecognized option: -v
 Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
 Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.
 [root@d2bc7b21ca87 ~]# java -version
 java version "1.8.0_151"
 Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-b12)
 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

我们在容器里边敲了很多命令，
那么此时我们可以到宿主机的E:\Study\dockerWorkspace\volumes\volume1.bash_history里边看一下，
我们敲得命令的记录：
4-2